By Frank J. Longo (auth.)
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Extra resources for Fertilization
Sample text
The entire surface of the Ciona chorion is apparently available for sperm binding and, despite lacking a typical acrosome, ascidian sperm are able to penetrate these barriers (De Santis, Jammuno and Rosati, 1980). Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors block the fertilization of ascidian eggs (Hoshi, Numakunai and Sawada, 1981). However, if the chorion is removed, the egg can be fertilized in the presence of inhibitors. Investigations of sperm-egg binding in mammals have concentrated, for the most part, on the interaction of the sperm and the zona pellucida.
The dotted line indicates 0 mV. Reproduced with permission from Jaffe (1976). of depolarization result from a slow transient increase in sodium permeability of the egg plasma membrane. The depolarization of the egg is related to the initiation of the rapid block to polyspermy postulated by earlier investigators of fertilization. Support for this contention comes from the following observations (Jaffe, 1976). 1. Eggs with a fertilization potential greater than 0 m V are not polyspermic; ova with a more negative fertilization potential are polyspermic.
The increase in internal pH at fertilization requires sodium, as acid production is a result of an efflux of protons from eggs and is a function of the external sodium concentration (Johnson, Epel and Paul, 1976). This also suggests that the sodium and proton fluxes are coupled. In addition, amiloride, which inhibits passive sodium flux, blocks acid production and eggs remain unactivated. The exchange of sodium and 48 Fertilization proton has a 1: 1 stoichiometry that lasts for about 3 min and is not inhibited by sodium cyanide.