By Bengt Källén
Authored via Bengt Källén, professor emeritus in embryology at Lund college in Sweden.
The topic of this publication is to explain the incidence of congenital malformations between little ones born and what danger components exist. inhabitants facts are offered for a few malformations, ascertained with using facts from the Swedish nationwide well-being registers for the interval 1998-2010 similar to a few 1.3 million births, including prospectively amassed info on a bunch of exposures of attainable curiosity. The constitution of the research is such that it excludes reports of, for example, food, alcohol or road drug use and lots of different way of life elements the place potential info or self reliant sign up info is tough or most unlikely to acquire.
Epidemiology of Human Congenital Malformations culminates with a dialogue on how the presence of malformations may be defined and numerous probabilities for the prevention of start defects. furthermore, it's going to comprise a sequence of directions on tips on how to learn epidemiological literature during this box making it a vital source either for these at present operating within the box of reproductive epidemiology or these desiring to input it. it's going to also be invaluable for medical professionals operating with malformations, both as obstetricians, neonatologists or pediatricians.
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Extra resources for Epidemiology of Human Congenital Malformations
Example text
Am J Med Genet A. 2012;158A:751–8. , iris coloboma, lacrimal duct stenosis). The following conditions have been included as major eye malformations: anophthalmia or microphthalmia, congenital cataract, malformations of posterior segment of the eye, and congenital glaucoma, all associated with problems of vision. 69). 90. 74). Three of the twin pairs were unlike-sexed. 3. The proportion was higher at an- or microphthalmia (48 %) or posterior segment malformations (41 %) than at cataract Embryology Eyes develop early in the fourth week as evaginations from the ventral part of the brain rudiment.
1 of each) and three had used analgesics (one ASA, two paracetamol). Discussion and Conclusions A very large literature exists on risk factors for neural tube defects and spina bifida (early review by Elwood et al. 1982). During recent decades, most interest has been paid to the supposed protective effect of folic acid or multivitamins. It is generally agreed that periconceptional use of folic acid will drastically reduce the risk for neural tube defects. Most of the studies were made in areas with a relatively high rate of such defects and with methods that did not exclude effects of recall bias and other methodological weaknesses.
First-trimester anesthesia exposure and the risk of central nervous system defects: a populationbased case-control study. Am J Public Health. 1994;84:1757–60. Van Landingham M, Nguyens TV, Roberts A, Parent AD, Zhang J. Risk factors of congenital hydrocephalus: a 10 year retrospective study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:213–7. 9 Agenesis of Corpus Callosum and Holoprosencephaly Definition Infant Characteristics These malformations are characterized by an absence in the bilaterality of the brain hemispheres.