By Joan Casanovas
The 1st completely documented background of geared up exertions in nineteenth-century Cuba, this paintings specializes in how city employees joined jointly in collective motion throughout the transition from slave to loose hard work and within the final many years of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba.
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Additional info for Bread Or Bullets: Urban Labor and Spanish Colonialism in Cuba, 1850-1898 (Pitt Latin American Studies)
Example text
21 The period of colonial reforms between the end of the Ten Years' War in 1878 and the arrival in Cuba of Captain General Camilo Polavieja in 1890 is crucial to understanding the position of organized labor toward the separatist movement. Thus far I have summarized the important changes in colonial policy during this period and how they favored an enormous expansion of the labor movement. During these years the Spanish administration attempted to rule organized labor with some degree of consent and mediation, rather than mere coercion.
Step by step, the labor movement advanced. By eliminating inconvenient developments in the history of organized labor that contradict the thesis, such studies show the popular classes moving inexorably toward a necessary end, the 1959 Revolution. These scholars generally agree that an incipient labor movement in Cuba emerged in the mid-1860s, with a Spanish immigrant as its leader and with a reformist orientation. 12 The underlying reasoning of this historiography is similar to the reasoning of the Whig historiography of modern England that Herbert Butterfield analyzes in The Whig Interpretation of History.
Chapter 6 explores the spread of collectivist-anarchism, with its particular tactics of class struggle, and the crisis of reformism within the labor movement between 1882 and 1886. Anarchism took root in Cuba both because of influences from the Spanish labor movement and because of the particular evolution of Cuban organized labor during these years. The decline of slavery, until its total abolition in October 1886, as well as the transformation of the repressive appa- Page 11 ratus to sustain it, hastened the liberalization of labor relations and exacerbated tensions along class lines.